Corporate Governance Exam Paper Free Essays

string(74) plan goes under the exhibition part with center around future value. Games Directors play While breaking down the Reality of Boardroom we state numerous games and strategies regularly utilized by chiefs with the goal that they don’t lose power. Whatever games were union, alliance, campaigning, scaremongering, log moving and so on. Here likewise greater part of BOD were precious ones of Bright so everyone decided to remain close-lipped regarding what is happening. We will compose a custom paper test on Corporate Governance Exam Paper or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Under-saving Like we state in the HLL case under-saving is a strategy utilized by firms however over the long haul it cannot prevent organizations from falling. Job of autonomous executives The inquiry Are free chiefs extremely free has been subject of discussion for a long time. For the situation the pretended by free chiefs is unimportant. Likewise it is flawed whether free chiefs were available and in the number prompted by law or not. Review Committee The case discusses KPMG and the questionable job it played yet shouldn't something be said about the review advisory group, was it existent, if so how was it working. Its creation and administration needs consideration. Control Most of the instances of bookkeeping cheats, adulterating records, misleading investors and insolvency rest upon the control of the monetary record and the strategies used to fudge the information. Ex: Enron The organization needs to take motivation from firms like GSK, Infy, and goodbye which fill in as instances of good CG. GSK * Chairman of board is autonomous chief alongside 5 others in board. Straightforwardness is esteemed Infosys * Creating riches legitimately and morally Tata * One of the goliaths and as yet interesting administration * In a state of harmony with the qualities * Very intricate implicit rules Board sythesis and structure One of the significant blemish courses in the board structure is everybody hushed up about the rising tempest ruled by influence and status of Bright. There ought to be some free chiefs with capacity to scrutinize the demonstrations and deeds and the accompanying structures are suggested. European Two Tier model Shareholders Supervisory board Executive board Management Employees and staff The administrative board ignores elements of official board and can address and modify the capacity This model is favored over unitary board. Chinese model Here we consider the to be of the state in general additionally considers alongside investors Board Leadership One of the significant reasons for the destruction was the pretended by Bright. He was commanding and inflexible and in this manner not a genuine pioneer. The highlights wanted for a pioneer are: Integrity The capacity to separate among good and bad and administer in a way that it is ethically right and feasible Independence The board resembled a sham/manikin with no or less level of freedom Intellect The inventiveness must not turn out in type of control and misrepresentation however the advancement of the firm Character He should be moral and solid character Personality A pioneer must be adaptable and open to new thoughts and recommendations. The character is the comprehensive point of view. Relational abilities, great audience, inspiration and so forth. Board level data Desired CG was not set up and there was no unmistakable data pathway. The board didn't check or verify the activities. Control frameworks The case unmistakably shows infringement of numerous demonstrations and laws. The board was not fitting in with the administrative work. The control framework was not set up. Inspectors to blame: In cases like Enron and worldcom it has been seen that the outer examiners can escape away leaving the organization in trouble. Ordinarily there are tie ups among the executives and evaluators, some interior settlement that prompts uch activities. Job of interior review council is doubtful. The organization ought to have gone to examiners like Delloitte who are dependable and tried. Dangers that ought to be considered †Financial hazard. Operational, consistence, Business Four parts of CG Internal control, hazard the board, social administration, freedom Sarbax †oxley act This is one of the milestone demonstrations that came in 2002 after Enron and Worldcomm It says criminal and common punishments for compliances and bookkeeping fakes, endorsement for inner reviews and yearly report is to presented by all open and private recorded organizations. Additionally present PCAOBA (Public organization bookkeeping oversight leading body of America) Was censured for significant expense of consistence CG is a procedure by which organizations are coordinated and controlled Many endeavors have been made to characterize CG and this one by Cadbury is one of the most complete . Cadbury’s definition †â€Å"Corporate administration is the framework by which organizations are coordinated and controlled. The sheets of executives are answerable for the administration of their organizations. The shareholder’s job in administration is to choose the executives and the reviewers to fulfill themselves that a fitting administration structure is set up. The duties of the board incorporate setting the company’s vital points, giving the administration to place them into impact, regulating the administration of the business and answering to investors on their stewardship. The board’s activities are dependent upon laws, guidelines and the investors all in all gathering. † Mike and Minnow: Corporate Governance is a procedure of administering and coordinating the exhibition of any organization and the significant on-screen characters included are chiefs, the executives, society and investors CG is essentially to disregard, screen, control and direct the working of the administration. For this we have BOD and the set of principles. A few demonstrations, laws and standards encourage this procedure of administration. Extension from least to most noteworthy Society Media and Press Shareholders Regulatory bodies Contractual Stakeholders Auditors Governance and Management (Diagram) As obviously the extent of CG is wide. It is essential that CG is worthy and liable to many. Elements of the board Majorly there are four elements of the board contingent on the adjustment to past or existing and the exhibition expected for future. The four capacities are responsibility, system definition, administering and observing and strategy making Matrix The responsibility alongside checking and regulating is the conformance part I. e. to past or existing circumstance. The arrangement making and technique plan goes under the presentation part with center around future worth. You read Corporate Governance Exam Paper in class Exposition models Usually it is seen that free executives are compelled to conformance since they just comprehend what is happening. Key Formulation * This is the most vital advance of administration There must be shared view as per which administration and the board withstand * It includes SWOT, PEST, Porter investigation and posing of significant inquiries of long haul vital significance * It is imperative to have helicopter vision adjusted of long and present moment * San Tzu â€Å"Think the psyche the same of your enemy† Policy making * This originates from the key plan * Policies are rules, guideline and strategies that must be followed and withstood Supervision observing This is the conformance part to watch that everything is going on according to the arrangements and rules or not Accountability * Accountability is to have legitimate framework wherein particular individuals are responsible for any blunder or abnormality * Only the top administration isn't responsible yet generally is considered dependable. Standardizing: How load up figures executives ought to invest their energy How chiefs really invest their time Relation between capacities Strategy definition Policy making oversight and observing Accountability Roles: Agents and Stewards Agency hypothesis Head investors contract with operators look for personal responsibility It says that it is beyond the realm of imagination that specialists deal with other cash with as much carefulness of pledge. They look for individual premium and unfavorable impact on investors Stewardship hypothesis Owners picked and choose stewards(directors) who assume the job of stewards Contrary to office hypothesis it says proprietors vest their trust in executives who go about as stewards of investors cash. Alongside the board the accompanying jobs are performed by the chief Managing the board Managing the gathering Strategic initiative Cooperation among board and the board Company’s face to open By methods for every one of these capacities and jobs the board puts forth an attempt towards reasonable and impartial circulation of benefit, moral administration of firm and hinders any untrustworthy conduct It lays clear guidelines, standards, laws and set of principles to encourage administration Maxwell correspondence 1991 †Risky procurement utilizing annuity finances prompting chapter 11 Bank of credit and business global Cadbury report 1992 †best practices proposed How to actualize it? For an organization to enter in stockmarket it has to that it follows Cadbury recommendations Corporate administration is legitimately identified with showcase valuation of an organization. Better oversaw organizations are esteemed more. Enron disappointment 2001 †flawed bookkeeping arrangements; formation of unique reason elements to hide misfortunes; over the top official remuneration Worldcom 2002 †The BOD didn't restrict the goal-oriented venture of Worldcom in fiber optic links and framework to turn into a market head (a transient objective). This prompted colossal misfortunes when the blast for website finished. Measures to check such situations * Make BOD responsible to partners * Make changes in structure * Clearly clarify the obligations of Board Make them dynamic load up †in giving an administration to the organization * Make the BOD to meet all the more regularly †recorded organization at any rate 4 times each year * Lay down a plan about what must be examined Placing limitations, keeps an eye on the executives power including the CEO Eg: SKF miniaturized scale fund †CEO w

Catcher In The Rye, JDK Slinger Research Paper Example

Catcher In The Rye, JDK Slinger Paper An investigation of the scholarly gadgets utilized by JDK Slinger In the Catcher In The Rye to convey the topic of growing up and how applicable this thought Is In the 21st century. One of the prevailing topics in the Catcher in the Rye, by JDK Slinger, is growing up and how troublesome it is. The creator conveys this topic through different artistic gadgets, including: portrayal, imagery and a key occurrence. The thought Slinger makes is truly recognizable to most perusers, regardless of their background being altogether different to Holders. In addition, despite the fact that the novel is set in the sasss and is a contestants to contemporary society, the peruser can at present discover things to relate to, on the grounds that Slinger uses such an immortal Idea. The Catcher In the Rye Is based on three days of the life of the shopping center hero, Holder Coalfield, who Is 16 when the novel starts. The tale Is set In post-war New York in the sasss. The story is described by Holder who has been admitted to a mental medical clinic. Holder recounts to the tale of how he leaves Pence Prep a school wherein he was ousted from for bombing four out of five classes and puts in a couple of evenings alone in New York. We will compose a custom article test on Catcher In The Rye, JDK Slinger explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Catcher In The Rye, JDK Slinger explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Catcher In The Rye, JDK Slinger explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Slinger utilizes powerful portrayal to investigate how Holder discovers growing up excruciating and troublesome. Holder is terrified of developing in light of his translation of the grown-up word thus he confines himself from all grown-ups. He alludes to all grown-ups as fakes, this Is on the grounds that he sums up all grown-ups, figuring they should all be double-dealing and bogus. Slinger utilizes Holders physical appearance to accentuation his passionate side, Im six-foot-over two and I have silver hair. He is by all accounts old, truly, yet Inside he Is still Just a youngster, this fortifies the Idea that his body Is sickly him to grow up, however his psyche is instructing him to oppose, and remain as blameless as workable for whatever length of time that conceivable. Slinger even uses his name to show his energy , Holder Coalfield can be separated into Hold-on as though he isn't prepared to grow up, and that it is unreasonably hard for him to deal with. What's more, Call is separated of the amnion, which ensures the babys head during birth, this identifies with Holder as he is allegorically secured by this and doesn't develop therefore. Slinger conveys the topic of growing up through the focal character, Holder, as he is at the phase where he ought to be growing up and developing however doesn't. Slinger utilizes Holders character and his appearance to differentiate how Holder discovers growing up troublesome and excruciating. Holders more youthful kin are additionally key characters in the novel that Slinger utilizes so as to impart ten topic. Allele, Holders Trotter, oleo AT leukemia years before the novel was set. He was extremely one of a kind, he had blazing red hair, and was left given. Holder discusses him on numerous events in the novel, he tries to be increasingly similar to Allele, since he accepted he was the most delightful and sharpest of the considerable number of Coalfields he was around multiple times as savvy. Some portion of Allies suffering intrigue for Holder is that e is perpetually solidified in time, in youth, precisely where Holder needs to be. Phoebe, is very similar to Allele, she is a youngster, and has comparative qualities her astuteness and hair shading. Before we meet Phoebe, we depend on Holders portrayals of her. Holder admires her, he accepts she is the main reliable individual in a universe of fakes. Holder has sorted life into two segments; youth, being honest and where Holder needs to remain, and the coldblooded grown-up world, where everybody gets shallow and tricky and where Holder needs to dodge. At the point when Phoebe is brought into the account, she muddles Holders musings. Indeed, even she realizes that growing up is required, and loses control with Holder as he remains youthful, She gets exceptionally passionate, I promise to God. As this little youngster is introduced to us, and can get development, Holders hindered development appears to be somewhat stupid. Anyway we can feelings for Holder as he feels unfit to develop and is being censured by the one individual he genuinely thinks about. Slinger utilizes this complexity of the characters to accentuation the troubles of growing up. Slinger not just uses imagery to impart the primary subject of growing up, yet additionally to feature the principle sentiments of Holder. At the point when Phoebe asks him need we needs to be throughout everyday life, he answers with the picture from a Robert Burns melody of being the catcher in the rye, to shield kids from tumbling off the precipice as they play in the field of rye. It is exceptionally amusing that Holder trades someone meet a body comic thro the rye for someone get a body on the grounds that the melody presently has the contrary significance. The principle verses inquire as to whether it isn't right to have a sexual experience in a distant field without it prompting anything, yet Holder totally changes the importance. Holder needs to get youngsters, who play in the field, before the drop out of honesty onto the information on sex and other grown-up things that he, actually, doesn't comprehend. Likewise the way that Phoebe is the one to call attention to the genuine verses, imageries that she isn't as blameless as Holders optimistic considerations of kids. Since his psyche has shut out the genuine verses, this causes him to appear to be increasingly blameless, whimsical and scared of the grown-up world. The utilization of the red chasing cap imageries Holders want to be a kid for more. He wears the cap to feel interesting and an individual, since it is so extraordinary and lively. The shade of the cap is equivalent to Phoebes and Allies hair, red. This imageries what Holder looks like up to his more youthful kin, and how he needs to be progressively similar to them, as they speak to guiltlessness and immaculateness in his eyes. The historical center of characteristic history likewise imparts the possibility that Holder needs to keep on being a youngster. Holder loved the historical center as it was perpetual, The best thing, however, in that exhibition hall was that everything consistently remained right where it was. The historical center speaks to his catcher in the rye world, where nobody ever changes, and everything is valid, straightforward and optimistic to him. Holder is frightened of progress, chiefly in light of his siblings passing, so he wishes everything quiet consistently remain ten same Including ml so nee doesn't nave to bargain Walt negative changes throughout his life. Slinger utilizes a key occurrence in the novel so as to set up that Holder wishes to remain a kid for whatever length of time that conceivable. In part 13, Holder is met with the chance of a sexual experience with a whore named Sunny, however turns it down. He confesses to being a little apprehensive about the entire experience, as he is a virgin. He comes too acknowledgment, that he needs it to be progressively unique. What he realizes with Sunny is that he lean towards not to arrive with a whore; I dont figure I would ever do it with someone that sits in a moronic film The entire scene is discouraging instead of sexual for Holder, so he comes up with pardons for not having the option to proceed with it. He understands needs to become more acquainted with a young lady, and like her a ton, before he is alright with that sort of closeness. Then again, it shows he isn't genuinely prepared for sexual experiences, he discusses it and ponders it, yet in actuality he feels excessively youthful. This builds up the subject of growing up as he gets the opportunity to do the things he says, however he doesn't take it, which means he isn't et sufficiently experienced to deal with this sort of grown-up conduct. This is increasingly similar to what a youngster would do when confronted with something they are not open to doing. Also, accordingly shows that whenever Holder is allowed to develop, he dismisses it, and keeps his honesty and his virginity flawless. The thought set up in the novel that it is hard to grow up is recognizable in the 21st century. The book might be from one more century, the language might be extraordinary, however the focal thought that Slinger utilizes is immortal. Holder experiences unusual difficulties in contrast with a great many people, anyway the peruser can associate with Holder as hello will have needed to develop sooner or later in their life, regardless of whether it was not as excruciating as it was for Holders character. Most of the perusers feel associated with the story, regardless of whether their life is amazingly unique, and they can identify with their own life somehow. JDK Slinger builds up the primary topic of growing up all through the Catcher in the Rye utilizing fruitful gadgets. He creates Holder as a character, utilizes images to identify with the adolescent idea of Holder, and utilizations a key episode to set up that Holder wishes to stay a kid for whatever length of time that conceivable.

Influential Renaissance Architecture Essay -- Architecture

As one dives into the historical backdrop of present day engineering one rapidly understands the impact that Renaissance planners, for example, Donato Bramante, Raphael, and Michelangelo had on current design. Just check out a city at the business locale and one will see odds and ends of the Renaissance design. The Renaissance design has had an effect on engineering all through the ages. St. Peter’s Basilica Donato Bramante was conceived in 1444 close Urbino. At an early age Bramante was presented to the universe of craftsmanship and engineering. Bramante’s early introduction to the universe of workmanship affected his future building work, for example, his work on Saint Peter’s Basilica. Bramante began to picked up acknowledgment while he was taking a shot at â€Å"Tempietto† that was developed on the site that is accepted to be where St. Subside was hung (Benton and Di Yanni, 2005). The work on Tempietto was charged by Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain; along these lines, carrying renown to Bramante’s work. It was this kind of acknowledgment that prompted Bramante being authorized to plan and modify St Peter’s Basilica. Pope Julius II concluded that the old basilica should be torn down in light of the fact that the old basilica had been worked in the mid fourth century during the period of Constantine; in this way, the Pope chose another basilica was required. He designated Bramante as the engineering to manufacture another Basilica befitting the papacy’s picture (Benton and Di Yanni, 2005). Bramante concluded that the new basilica would be a superb rendition of the Tempietto that he had worked in 1502. The structure would be â€Å"a momentously proportioned, halfway arranged church to be topped by a huge dome† (Fiero, 2008, p. 196). He didn't follow the â€Å"classical longitudi... ...ivan-modeler/louis- henry-sullivan-architect.php Benton, R. J. and DiYanni, R. (2005). Expressions and societies; a prologue to the Humanities. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson-Prentice Hall Cowardly, J. (2010). The Wainwright building. Recovered on May 12, 2010 from, http://architecture.about.com/od/high rises/ig/Skyscrapers/Wainwright-Building-htm Fiero, G.K. (2008). Tourist spots in humanities (second ed). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill. History-World.org. (obscure). Engineering. Recovered on may 10, 2010 from, http://history-world.org/greek%20architecture.htm Planetware.com. (2010). St. Peter’s Basilica, Vatican City. Recovered on May 14, 2010 from, http://www.planetware.com/vatican-city/st-subsides basilica-scv-scv-rspv.htm Vaticanstate.va. (2010). St. Peter’s Basilica. Recovered on May 20, 2010 from, http://vaticanstat.va/EN/Monuments/Saint_Peter_Basilica/

BBA-Strategic Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

BBA-Strategic Analysis - Essay Example BBA-Strategic Analysis As per Geurden, a few banks are acceptable at client the board or even in making client passageways. The banks intend to concentrate on the client assistance zone and re-appropriate the other financial capacities like creation, running and working advances that actualize new budgetary items. Most banks now days re-appropriate of their specialized occupations to server farms. Indeed, even bank of America is redistributing its numerous parts in the financial framework and this incorporates the programmed teller machines. Huge banks, for example, the world notable Citibank go much further by establishing a full scope of money related administrations inside every one stop shop bank area to support their clients’ banking needs (Rubin and McNeil, 1977). The banks are in much need of adaptable data innovation foundation to coordinate and hurry the exact announcing of banking administrations applications with the banks’ bank †end frameworks. Another pattern that banks are joyfully occupied with is that the banks are persuading organizations to re-appropriate the money related administrations occupations to them. A major bank, Nordea of Scandinavia, even gives organizations access to computerized installment handling with Microsoft’s Biztalk quickening agent for bookkeeping administrations. Numerous huge banks were initially littler banks that solidified and converged to shape a major bank. The upside of mergers and combinations are that the once serious banks would now be able to share a typical database of clients and to blast the other consolidating partners’ strange domain t produce more deals and premium salary.

Best Practices For Wrapping Up The School Year

Best Practices For Wrapping Up The School Year TeacherVision's Head Of Content And Curriculum, Julie, shares her tips and best practices for wrapping up the school year. You may feel that there is too much to do and not enough time. Here's where and what to focus on. by Julie Mason Whether you have already started to count down the days or you haven't started thinking about how to wrap up the school year, here are my tips and strategies for where to focus your time and energy so you leave on the last day before summer feeling great about your finish.   Did you make a plan or goal in the beginning of the year, and now you are realizing you haven't prioritized it?   This happened to me every year I taught.   One year, I wanted to focus on making students' progress visible.   In an attempt to make my students’ progress visible to them, I gave each student a folder, and after I returned assignments and projects, I asked them to keep it in the folder. My goal was to make my students’ progress visible to them, so they had evidence of their growth. I have always believed that we need to help our students see that learning is a process that takes time. Whether or not they learned something isn’t always determined by a test grade. Fast forward to the last two months of school, and I was in a rush to get through my curriculum. I was waking up in the middle of the night worried that we weren’t going to fit in one last essay or finish our last whole class novel. When was I going to find the time for students to look through their folders? How could I make this process meaningful and worth class time? Quality Over Quantity When you have limited teaching time left, you might feel pressure to pack it all in, and increase your pace. Instead of assigning one chapter, you assign two. Instead of spending fifteen minutes practicing grammar skills before the quiz, you cut it down to ten. While this is tempting, try to take a step back and consider the big picture, and prioritize. Use These Guiding Questions What do my students need to learn and practice in order to be ready for next year? What parts of the curriculum are essential? What parts of the curriculum are non-essential?   One of the ways that I addressed having too much to teach and not enough time, was to assign related thematic passages from our last novel, instead of the entire text. I decided that what my students needed to learn and practice was close reading and marking up the text. They didn’t need to read an entire novel in order to do this practice. Focus On What’s Important Too often the end of the school year becomes a race to the finish, and there is little to no time to celebrate the class community and the students’ progress. What will impact your students most? A few more hours of grammar instruction? A reflective writing assignment where they consider what they learned and what goals they have for next year? Try to strike a balance between teaching topics and skills, and providing opportunities for celebration and reflection. Make Student Progress Visible Let’s go back to the folders. I believe that if we create a system and ask students to do something that we have to show them that that process had a purpose. If I didn’t circle back to the work in the folders why was I asking my students to keep their returned work? One of my favorite ways to make student progress visible is to take an assignment that I gave students earlier in the year and give them the same assignment towards the end of the year. For example, one of the first writing assignments I gave students was to write a descriptive paragraph about a photograph. I had an entire box full of images that they could choose from. Students do the same assignment later in the year and the improvement in their writing was always powerful. They included figurative language, and sensory details, and their grammar and syntax was stronger. After students have completed the assignment for a second time, you have students put both assignments side by side. They can then see the progress that they’ve made. I like to give students a checklist of writing skills and topics and ask them to think about their progress in each of those areas. By the end of this exercise, students feel proud of themselves, especially students who thought they weren’t doing well or getting a good grade in my class. They had tangible proof of their own growth and the activity is both an opportunity for reflection and celebration. Make Your Own Progress Visible We never have enough time in our teaching days, and self-reflection always falls to the bottom of our to-do list. However, self-reflection is incredibly important at the end of the school year. Consider all of your routines and procedures and identify what you want to use next year, and what you want to stop using or change. Try to jot down as much as you can about the specific changes you plan to make so your notes will be helpful as you prepare to return to the classroom. Give Yourself Glows and Grows Practice what you preach. We encourage our students to identify what they have learned and how they have grown, while also recognizing their challenges and the areas they can work on. Think about this teaching year. What are you most proud of? Was there a new assignment that went really well? Did you figure out a system for grading that saved you time? Do you have a classroom routine for equitable participation that ensured you called on more students? Give credit where credit is due.   Consider also what didn’t go as well as you hoped. What are the areas of your teaching practice that you’d like to grow in? What might you do over the summer to learn more about these areas?   The last month of school is challenging. You might be feeling tired, and losing your passion and stamina for teaching. Despite the fatigue, consider trying some of these best practices so you wrap up your year in a thoughtful, and reflective way. Do you have any tips for wrapping up the school year? Share with us on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest. Julie Mason is the Head of Content and Curriculum for TeacherVision. She brings expertise in blended and personalized learning, instructional coaching, and curriculum design to the role. She was a middle and high school English teacher for eight years and most recently taught at Dana Hall, an all-girls school in Wellesley, MA. She was a blended and personalized learning instructional coach for K-12 teachers at BetterLesson for two years, and she has presented at The National Principals Conference, ISTE, and ASCD where she shared her  expertised  on how instructional coaching builds teacher capacity in K-12 schools. She has extensive experience designing and facilitating professional development for teachers, and she oversees the TeacherVision advisory board.

The Effect of Death on Different Characters in Sula - Literature Essay Samples

The role of death, both physically and mentally, has a heavy effect on characters in Toni Morrison’s Sula. Shadrack survives as a soldier during World War I, dealing directly with death that he sees all around. Like Shadrack, Plum returns home emotionally distraught from the war and is killed by his mother out of love. The struggling relationship between Hannah and Eva gets increasingly difficult after Eva kills her own son, Plum, but then sacrifices her own life for her daughter as she burns to death.The first case of death involves Shadrack, a World War I veteran from the Bottom, who returns from war traumatized after seeing a fellow soldier’s head blown off in front of him. While he is in the hospital, his mindset is still as if he is in the war. Before doing any task such as eating, he has to convince himself that he is no longer in battle. Morrison says, â€Å"Thus reassured that the white, the red and the brown would stay where they were – would not explod e or bust forth from their restricted zones – he suddenly felt hungry and looked around for his hands† (Morrison 9). Shadrack has gotten to the point where he is afraid of everything, including his own hands. He ironically returns from the war less afraid of death than he was when he was in battle and more while in safety. He is not afraid of death itself but rather more afraid of not knowing when his death will occur. As a means of coping with the unknown, Shadrack creates a national holiday. â€Å"He knew the smell of death and was terrified of it, for he could not anticipate it. It was not death or dying that frightened him, but the unexpectedness of it†¦in this manner he instituted National Suicide Day† (14). Every January 3rd on National Suicide Day, he would walk down the streets with a hanging rope and cowbell encouraging people to kill themselves or others because it was the only opportunity to escape the memory of death. Those around him know what h e went through but still think he is crazy and irrational. As time goes on, people come to accept National Suicide Day as part of their traditions and rituals. After an awful winter and thaw occur, the residents of the town look forward to and participate in National Suicide Day for the first time because it is an event they are used to and helps them to forget about everything that has happened by doing something familiar. Ironically, when the people are ready to participate in full force for the first time, it is also the first time that Shadrack does not want to have the march. For years he marched alone trying to rally supports, and now when he has them, the leader and creator himself no longer wants it to continue. Shadrack was not the only character used by Morrison who suffered severe mental issues as result of World War I. Eva’s son, Plum, returns home from the war much like Shadrack did but, in contrast, turned into a drug addict to cope with his difficulties. Plumâ €™s change into a drug addict had numerous signs that were slowly being seen more and more. Hannah as the one to actually find out he was on drugs. Morrison says, â€Å"Then he began to steal from them, take trips to Cincinnati and sleep for days in his room with the record player going†¦It was Hannah who found the bent spoon black from steady cooking.† (45). Plum’s descent into drugs was over a period of time. They noticed that he was stealing items from his own family members and leaving town to go on random trips. Hannah ends up being the one to fully realize the extent of his drug addiction when she finds the black spoon in his possession. However, what happens as a result of his drug addiction affects more people than just his own body and self. While sleeping one night, Plum is awakened by his mother who is there to comfort him. They lay there as Eva holds Plum in her arms. Later, he thinks she is pouring water or a liquid on him as a blessing but it tur ns out not to be. â€Å"He opened his eyes and saw what he imagined was the great wing of an eagle pouring a wet lightness over him†¦She rolled a bit of newspaper into a tight stick about six inches long, lit it and threw it onto the bed where the kerosene-soaked Plum lay in snug delight.† (47). After seeing her son in such a state, Eva does not want him to suffer any longer nor does she want to see his drug addiction worsen. Evas decision to toss the lit kerosene stick toward him benefits her own desires as well, though. Throughout Plum’s descent into drug addiction, Eva has had to take care and support Plum far more than a regular child at an adult age. She has essentially had to go backwards in motherhood and treat Plum as if he is a young child again. In order to escape the responsibility of caring for her son, she pours kerosene on his body while he’s sleeping and burns him to death. She burns him to death as a sign of her love for him, but it also sh ows selfishness in Eva. She thinks the future of those around her is under her control as well as her right so she takes Plum’s matters into her own hands. The concept that a mother would burn her own son to death out of love is confusing and unimaginable to the reader. As the other members of the household, including Hannah and Sula, and the neighbors rush to try and extinguish the fire, Eva stands by watching and raises confusion and questions by everyone else. Hannah and Eva have always had a complicated and struggling relationship, especially since it is common knowledge that Eva loved Plum more than Hannah. What Eva does to Plum only hurts and strains the relationship between her and Hannah even further. Eva does, however, show that she still loves her daughter when she risks her own life for her. When Hannah is outside in the yard, her own dress lights on fire and burns her to death. However, Eva, who is watching nearby, nearly sacrifices her own life when she jumps on Hannah trying to extinguish the fire. When she is watching Hannah in the yard from inside the window, she looks away briefly and then back outside towards, witnessing her daughter’s dress in flames from head to toe ignited by a yard fire. â€Å"She rolled up to the window and it was then she saw Hannah burning. The flames from the yard fire were licking the blue cotton dress, making her dance. Eva knew there was time for nothing in this world other than the time it took to get there and cover her daughter’s body with her own.† (75). Instantly, Eva jumps out of the window and runs toward Hannah thinking that if she can cover her up with her own body, she can extinguish the fire and safe Hannah’s life. Eva’s actions contradict the current relationship between the two of them, indicating that Eva does still love her daughter. Neighbors and family members present quickly began pouring water onto both Eva and Hannah but by that time it is too late for H annah. Her body and flesh has already burned too badly for any chance of recovery. â€Å"Hannah died on the way to the hospital. Or so they said. In any case, she had already begun to bubble and blister so badly that the coffin has to be kept closed at the funeral.† (77). Both Eva and Hannah were put on stretchers and brought to the hospital together. Upon arrival, Hannah was the priority of the doctors and Eva was simply left on the floor in severe condition because it wasn’t as bad as her daughter’s. However, she was left there and fortunately enough was found by a custodian and barely saved. â€Å"When Eva got to the hospital they put her stretcher on the floor, so preoccupied with the hot and bubbling flesh of the other†¦they forgot Eva, who would have bled to death except Old Willy Fields, the orderly, saw blood staining his just-mopped floors.† (77). The tragic event that occurs to Hannah is devastating to all but what is perhaps the most surpr ising is Eva’s reaction. As mentioned before, Plum was always the favorite child and Eva went as far as to say that she didn’t even love Hannah. However, in Hannah’s time of need, everything that was said did not hold true. Eva risked and nearly sacrificed her own life for her daughter. If Hannah could have lived to see what her mother did to save her life, their relationship most likely would have, for the first time, strengthened. Toni Morrison used the action of death to further describe the relationships between different characters and how they were affected by the death of others. Although it is common for many relationships to strengthen through death as a method of grieving, more relationships are hurt in a negative way throughout Sula. People thought Shadrack’s actions were crazy and disregarded them, but, by the end, many of the same people joined him in his efforts. Hannah and her mother’s relationship worsens, thinking that her mother d oes not love her or Plum, but Eva does love her as evidenced by her sacrifice to save Hannah’s life. Unfortunately, Hannah is no longer around to see how their relationship could have eventually changed and strengthened. Morrison portrays the relationship between characters by a means of death in unique and effective ways while creating a strong impact on the reader.

Comparing the Downfalls of Sophocles Oedipus and...

Oedipus and Othello were both honorable and heroic men that became the victims of tragic downfalls that can be compared and contrasted with each other. Sophocles, the writer of Oedipus the King, and Williams Shakespeare, the writer of Othello, were both enormously influential playwrights of their respective generations and their legacy continues today. The two playwrights made their masterpieces during different eras; Sophocles life coincided with the Golden Age of Greek tragedy and Shakespeare worked during the Elizabethian period. Despite being born about 2,000 years apart, their works are similar in that they could both describe and make the tragic downfalls of two distinguished men come to life. The downfalls of Othello and†¦show more content†¦In the end, the investigation would prove costly when it would be responsible for revealing the truth behind his awful fate. Pride cannot be considered a tragic flaw because any man with the positions of either Othello or Oed ipus would posses this trait, but it most definitely makes a fall from grace more difficult to cope with. Othello and Oedipus are traditional tragic heroes, because they both possess tragic flaws. Iago has no problem fitting Othello into his plot, the cause of Othellos downfall, because Othello is easily persuaded and has an unsuspecting nature. Iago was aware of this and expressed this knowledge in the quote, The moor is of a free and open nature that thinks men that but seem to be soÂ… (Shakespeare line 442-443) Time and time again Othello believes Iago over anyone else and continuously gives into Iagos malicious traps. This quality is an encumbrance to Othello and is why he so easily believes Iago when he tells him of an untrue affair between Desdemona and Cassio. Using Othellos unsuspecting nature to his advantage, Iago compounds Othellos false beliefs by using beguiling evidence such as the handkerchief. Aso, he uses the description of Cassios mingling with Bianca where Othello mistakenly thought he was talking about Desdemona to further Othellos beliefs. While Othello may have been too naà ¯ve, Oedipus was the antithesis.Show MoreRelatedEssay The Tragedy of Othello1292 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeare masterfully crafted Othello, the Moor of Venice as an Aristotelian tragedy play. The main protagonist of the play, Othello, is the perfect example of a tragic hero. Shakespeare was influenced by Aristotle’s concept of a tragic hero and used Aristotle’s principles to create Othello. William Shakespeare attempted to create an Aristotelian tragedy play with a tragic hero and succeeded in Othello, the Moor of Venice by weaving in pity and fear into each line and action. The power